Trabzon, on the east coast of the Black Sea and dating back to the seventh century B.C, is a city situated on a terraced area. The Caucausus, tha Canik mountains and mount Zigana are the natural borders surrounding the city. Trabzon is a temperate and rainny place almost at any time of the year. Therefore, the city and its surrounding areas are very rich in vegatation. A group of people who came to the region by boats from Miletos in the seventh century B.C, first settled in Sinop and later Giresun. Then they founden Trapezus, the Eastern Roman Empire had been divided into two, the city was govemed by the Eastern Roman Empire.Meanwhile, Trabzon, importance of which increased a lot, was fortified by building new city walls and ditches.
After the siege of Kostantinopolis, the capital of the Byzantinium, by the Latins, Emperor Alexios founden an independent state in Trabzon which maintained its political existance until conqured by Fatih Sultan Mehmet. Many demolished city walls and castles in the city were restored during the period when Yavuz Sultan Selim was a governor of Trabzon.
Kanuni Sultan Suleyman, on of the Ottoman Sultans, was born in Trabzon. Gülbahar Hatun, Sultan's mother, died in Trabzon and she was buried in the tomb in the yard of the mosque named after her. Besides, visiting Trabzon three times, the great Atatürk wrote most of his will in this city.

THE GEOGRAPHY OF TRABZON
Trabzon, with its 4685 km sqr area between 40-33&41 07 north parallels and 39-07&40-30 east longitudes

constitutes 6 per cent of the country soil.Trabzon, having a population of 214 949 and surrounded by Rize in the east, Giresun in the west and Gümüşhane in the south, is sitiated on the north coast of the Black Sea. The elevation reaches 3000 metetrs in the region. Mountains, hills and plateus are mostly in high places. Trabzon, which has the characteristics of plateu in general, covers the northern part of the mountains lying parallel to the coast between Çoruh valley and thr elet river. This platform is cut by Çoruh and Kelkit valleys in the South. Whithin these natural borders, Zigana Passage, which is at an altitude of about 2000 meters, links the Black Sead and Eastern Regions..

FUAN&FLORA
The region is very rich in old natural forests. There are numerous kinds of trees available, such as chesnut tress, beech trees, fir trees and pine trees. The region is also home to different kinds of plants. Which are very rare in other parts of Turkey. In the region live wild animals like grey bears, wolves, foxes, pigs, mountain goats with hooked horns, roes and wild cats.

HISTORICAL CONSTRUCTIONS CITY WALLS AND CASTLES
According to the historic sources, the city walls existed int the fifth century B.C. too.. Despite the fact that they were restored many times, it is still possible to see the remains of the earliest Roman period. Extended during the Byzantium period and restored during the Ottoman period.The city walls were divided into three as Yukarı Hisar, Orta Hisar and Aşağı Hisar.Yukarı Hisar was the place where military and administrative authorities of the Byzantium located. Orta Hisar was the center of the Ottoman administration and Aşağı Hisar was the trade canter.